Pentafluoro bromine or bromine pentafluoride(BrF5) has the composition of one bromine and five fluorine atoms. What is the molecular geometry of bromine pentafluoride?. Drawing and predicting the BrF5 molecular geometry is very easy by following the given method. Here in this post, we described step by step to construct BrF5 molecular geometry. Bromine and fluorine come from the 17th family group in the periodic table. Bromine or fluorine has seven valence electrons.
Key Points To Consider When drawing The BrF5 Molecular Geometry
A three-step approach for drawing the BrF5 molecular can be used. The first step is to sketch the molecular geometry of the BrF5 molecule, to calculate the lone pairs of the electron in the central bromine atom; the second step is to calculate the BrF5 hybridization, and the third step is to give perfect notation for the BrF5 molecular geometry.
The BrF5 molecular geometry is a diagram that illustrates the number of valence electrons and bond electron pairs in the BrF5 molecule in a specific geometric manner. The geometry of the BrF5 molecule ion can then be predicted using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR Theory) and molecular hybridization theory, which states that molecules will choose the BrF5 geometrical shape in which the electrons have from one another in the specific molecular structure.
Finally, you must add their bond polarities characteristics to compute the strength of the five Br-F bonds (dipole moment properties of the BrF5 molecular geometry). Five bromine-fluorine bonds in the bromine pentafluoride(BrF5), for example, are polarised toward the more electronegative value fluorine atoms, and because all five (Br-F) bonds have the same size and polarity, their sum is nonzero due to the BrF5 molecule’s bond dipole moment due to pulling the electron cloud to the downside in the square pyramidal geometry, and the BrF5 molecule is classified as a polar molecule.
The molecule of bromine pentafluoride(with square pyramidal shape BrF5 molecular geometry) is tilted at 90 degrees bond angle of F-Br-F. It has a difference in electronegativity values between bromine and fluorine atoms, with fluorine’s pull the electron cloud being greater than bromine’s. But bond polarity of Br-F is not canceled to each other in the square pyramidal geometry. As a result, it has a permanent dipole moment in its molecular structure. The BrF5 molecule has a dipole moment due to an unequal charge distribution of negative and positive charges.
Overview: BrF5 electron and molecular geometry
According to the VSEPR theory, the BrF5 molecule ion possesses square pyramidal molecular geometry. Because the center atom, bromine, has five Br-F bonds with the five fluorine atoms surrounding it. The F-Br-F bond angle is 90 degrees in the square pyramidal BrF5 molecular geometry. The BrF5 molecule has a square plannar geometry shape because it contains four fluorine atoms in the plan and one fluorine lie out of the plan.
There are five Br-F bonds at the BrF5 molecular geometry. After linking the five fluorine atoms and one lone pairs of electrons in the square pyramidal form, it maintains the square bipyramidal shaped structure. In the BrF5 molecular geometry, the Br-F bonds have stayed in the five terminals and one lone pair of electron on the bromine atom of the square pyramidal molecule.
The center bromine atom of BrF5 has one lone pairs of electrons, resulting in square pyramidal BrF5 electron geometry. However, the molecular geometry of BrF5 looks square pyramidal shaped and one lone pair of electron on the bromine of the BrF5 geometry. It’s the BrF5 molecule’s asymmetrical geometry. As a result, the BrF5 molecule is polar.
How to find BrF5 hybridization and molecular geometry
Calculating lone pairs of electrons on bromine in the BrF5 geometry:
1.Determine the number of lone pairs of electrons in the core bromine atom of the BrF5 Lewis structure. Because the lone pairs of electrons on the bromine atom are mostly responsible for the BrF5 molecule geometry distortion, we need to calculate out how many there are on the central bromine atom of the BrF5 Lewis structure.
Use the formula below to find the lone pair on the bromine atom of the BrF5 molecule.
L.P(Br) = V.E(Br) – N.A(Br-F)/2
Lone pair on the central bromine atom in BrF5 = L.P(Br)The core central bromine atom’s valence electron in BrF5 = V.E(Br)
Number of Br-F bonds = N.A (Br-F)
calculation for bromine atom lone pair in BrF5 molecule.
For instance of BrF5, the central atom, bromine, has seven electrons in its outermost valence shell, five Br-F bond connections. This gives a total of five connections.
As a result of this, L.P(Br) = (7 –5)/2=1
The lone pairs of electrons in the bromine atom of the BrF5 molecule is one.
Calculating lone pairs of electrons on fluorine in the BrF5 geometry:
Finding lone pairs of electron for the terminal atom is not with the similar as the central bromine atom. We use following formula as given below
Use the formula below to find the lone pair on the fluorine atom of the BrF5 molecule.
L.P(F) = V.E(F) – N.A(Br-F)
Lone pair on the terminal fluorine atom in BrF5 = L.P(F)Terminal fluorine atom’s valence electron in BrF5 = V.E(F)
Number of Br-F bonds = N.A ( Br-F)
calculation for fluorine atom lone pair in BrF5 molecule.
For instance of BrF5, five terminal atoms, fluorine, have seven electrons in its outermost valence shell, one Br-F bond connection. This gives a total of five Br-F bond connections. But we are considering only one connection for the calculation.
As a result of this, L.P(F) = (7 –1)=6
The lone pairs of electrons in the fluorine atom of the BrF5 molecule are six. Five fluorine atoms are connected with the central bromine atom.
In the BrF5 electron geometry structure, the lone pair on the central bromine atom is one, lone pairs of electrons in the fluorine atom have six. Five fluorine atoms have 30 lone pairs of electrons.
It means there are one lone pair of electrons in the core bromine atom. One lone pair of electrons on the central bromine atom is responsible for the square pyramidal nature of BrF5 molecular geometry. But in the structure fluorine atoms are polarised sidewise in their geometry.
The one lone pair of electrons are placed at another side of the BrF5 geometry. Because the bromine atom is a lower electronegative value as compared with other atoms in the BrF5 molecule. Five fluorine atoms are polarized towards the sidewise in the BrF5 structure.
But in reality, the BrF5 has one lone pair of electrons in its structure. This makes the BrF5 more irregular structure of the molecule. Because there is electric repulsion between bond pairs and lone pairs. But some sort of interaction is there between fluorine lone pairs and bond pairs. But it is negligible.
Calculate the number of molecular hybridizations of the BrF5 molecule
What is BrF5 hybridization? This is a very fundamental question in the field of molecular chemistry. All the molecules are made of atoms. In chemistry, atoms are the fundamental particles. There are four different types of orbitals in chemistry. They are named s, p, d, and f orbitals.
The entire periodic table arrangement is based on these orbital theories. Atoms in the periodic table are classified as follows:
s- block elements
p- block elements
d-block elements
f-block elements
Atoms are classified in the periodic table
BrF5 molecule is made of one bromine, five fluorine atoms. The fluorine and bromine atoms have s and p orbitals. Fluorine comes as the first element from the halogen family in the periodic table. The bromine atom also belongs to the same family group. But it falls as the third element in the periodic table.
When these atoms combine to form the BrF5 molecule, its atomic orbitals mixed and form unique molecular orbitals due to hybridization.
How do you find the BrF5 molecule’s hybridization? We must now determine the molecular hybridization number of BrF5.
The formula of BrF5 molecular hybridization is as follows:
No. Hyb of BrF5= N.A(Br-F bonds) + L.P(Br)
No. Hy of BrF5 = the number of hybridizations of BrF5
Number of Br-F bonds = N.A (Br-F bonds)
Lone pair on the central bromine atom = L.P(Br)
Calculation for hybridization number for BrF5 molecule
In the BrF5 molecule, bromine is a core central atom with five fluorine atoms connected to it. It has one lone pair of electrons on bromine. The number of BrF5 hybridizations (No. Hyb of BrF5) can then be estimated using the formula below.
No. Hyb of BrF5= 5+1=6
The BrF5 molecule ion hybridization is six. The bromine and fluorine atoms have s,p and d orbitals. The sp3d2 hybridization of the BrF5 molecule is formed when one S orbital, three p orbitals, and two d orbital join together to form the BrF5 molecular orbital.
Molecular Geometry Notation for BrF5 Molecule :
Determine the form of BrF5 molecular geometry using VSEPR theory. The AXN technique is commonly used when the VSEPR theory is used to calculate the shape of the BrF5 molecule.
The AXN notation of BrF5 molecule is as follows:
The central bromine atom in the BrF5 molecule is denoted by the letter A.
The bound pairs (five Br-F bonds) of electrons to the core bromine atom are represented by X.
The lone pairs of electrons on the central bromine atom are denoted by the letter N.
Notation for BrF5 molecular geometry
We know that bromine is the core atom, with five electron pairs bound (five Br-F) and one lone pair of electrons. The general molecular geometry formula for BrF5 is AX5N1.
According to the VSEPR theory, if the BrF5 molecule ion has an AX5N1 generic formula, the molecular geometry and electron geometry will both square pyramidal forms.
Name of Molecule | Bromine pentafluoride |
Chemical molecular formula | BrF5 |
Molecular geometry of BrF5 | Square pyramidal |
Electron geometry of BrF5 | Square pyramidal |
Hybridization of BrF5 | sp3d2 |
Bond angle (F-Br-F) | 90º degree |
Total Valence electron for BrF5 | 42 |
The formal charge of BrF5 on bromine | 0 |
Summary:
In this post, we discussed the method to construct BrF5 molecular geometry, the method to find the lone pairs of electrons in the central bromine atom, BrF5 hybridization, and BrF5 molecular notation. Need to remember that, if you follow the above-said method, you can construct the BrF5 molecular structure very easily.
What is BrF5 Molecular geometry?
BrF5 Molecular geometry is electronic structural representation of molecule.
What is the molecular notation for BrF5 molecule?
BrF5 molecular notation is AX5N1.
The polarity of the molecules
Polarity of the molecules are listed as follows
- Polarity of BeCl2
- Polarity of SF4
- Polarity of CH2Cl2
- Polarity of NH3
- Polarity of XeF4
- Polarity of BF3
- Polarity of NH4+
- Polarity of CHCl3
- Polarity of BrF3
- Polarity of BrF5
- Polarity of SO3
- Polarity of SCl2
- Polarity of PCl3
- Polarity of H2S
- Polarity of NO2+
- Polarity of HBr
- Polarity of HCl
- Polarity of CH3F
- Polarity of SO2
- Polarity of CH4
Lewis Structure and Molecular Geometry
Lewis structure and molecular geometry of molecules are listed below
- CH4 Lewis structure and CH4 Molecular geometry
- BeI2 Lewis Structure and BeI2 Molecular geometry
- SF4 Lewis Structure and SF4 Molecular geometry
- CH2I2 Lewis Structure and CH2I2 Molecular geometry
- NH3 Lewis Structure and NH3 Molecular geometry
- XeF4 Lewis Structure and XeF4 Molecular geometry
- BF3 Lewis Structure and BF3 Molecular geometry
- NH4+ Lewis Structure and NH4+ Molecular geometry
- CHCl3 Lewis Structure and CHCl3 Molecular geometry
- BrF3 Lewis Structure and BrF3 Molecular geometry
- BrF5 Lewis Structure and BrF5 Molecular geometry
- SO3 Lewis Structure and SO3 Molecular geometry
- SI2 Lewis structure and SI2 Molecular Geometry
- PCl3 Lewis structure and PCl3 Molecular Geometry
- H2S Lewis structure and H2S Molecular Geometry
- NO2+ Lewis structure and NO2+ Molecular Geometry
- HBr Lewis structure and HBr Molecular Geometry
- CS2 Lewis structure and CS2 Molecular Geometry
- CH3F Lewis structure and CH3F Molecular Geometry
- SO2 Lewis structure and SO2 Molecular Geometry
- HCl Lewis structure and HCl Molecular Geometry
- HF Lewis structure and HF Molecular Geometry
- HI Lewis structure and HI Molecular Geometry
- CO2 Lewis structure and CO2 Molecular Geometry
- SF2 Lewis structure and SF2 Molecular Geometry
- SBr2 Lewis structure and SBr2 Molecular Geometry
- SCl2 Lewis structure and SCl2 Molecular Geometry
- PF3 Lewis structure and PF3 Molecular Geometry
- PBr3 Lewis structure and PBr3 Molecular Geometry
- CH3Cl Lewis structure and CH3Cl Molecular Geometry
- CH3Br Lewis structure and CH3Br Molecular Geometry
- CH3I Lewis structure and CH3I Molecular Geometry
- SCl4 Lewis structure and SCl4Molecular Geometry
- SBr4 Lewis structure and SBr4 Molecular Geometry
- CH2F2 Lewis structure and CH2F2 Molecular Geometry
- CH2Br2 Lewis structure and CH2Br2 Molecular Geometry
- XeCl4 Lewis structure and XeCl4 Molecular Geometry
- BCl3 Lewis structure and BCl3 Molecular Geometry
- BBr3 Lewis structure and BBr3 Molecular Geometry
- CHF3 Lewis structure and CHF3 Molecular Geometry
- CHBr3 Lewis structure and CHBr3 Molecular Geometry
- ClF3 Lewis structure and ClF3 Molecular Geometry
- IF3 Lewis structure and IF3 Molecular Geometry
- ICl3 Lewis structure and ICl3 Molecular Geometry
- IBr3 Lewis structure and IBr3 Molecular Geometry
- ClF5 Lewis structure and ClF5 Molecular Geometry
- IF5 Lewis structure and IF5 Molecular Geometry
- PH3 Lewis structure and PH3 Molecular Geometry
- AsH3 Lewis structure and AsH3 Molecular Geometry
- AsCl3 Lewis structure and AsCl3 Molecular Geometry
- AsF3 Lewis structure and AsF3 Molecular Geometry
- NCl3 Lewis structure and NCl3 Molecular Geometry
- NF3 Lewis structure and NF3 Molecular Geometry
- NBr3 Lewis structure and NBr3 Molecular Geometry
- AlCl3 Lewis structure and AlCl3 Molecular Geometry
- AlF3 Lewis structure and AlF3 Molecular Geometry
- AlBr3 Lewis structure and AlBr3 Molecular Geometry
- CCl4 Lewis structure and CCl4 Molecular Geometry