Hydrogen bromide(HBr) has the composition of one bromine and one hydrogen atom. What is the molecular geometry of hydrogen bromide?. Drawing and predicting the HBr molecular geometry is very easy by following the given method. Here in this post, we described step by step to construct HBr molecular geometry. Bromine and hydrogen come from the 17th and 1st family groups in the periodic table. Bromine and hydrogen have seven and one valence electrons respectively.
Key Points To Consider When drawing The HBr Molecular Geometry
A three-step approach for drawing the HBr molecular can be used. The first step is to sketch the molecular geometry of the HBr molecule, to calculate the lone pairs of the electron in the central bromine atom; the second step is to calculate the HBr hybridization, and the third step is to give perfect notation for the HBr molecular geometry.
The HBr molecular geometry is a diagram that illustrates the number of valence electrons and bond electron pairs in the HBr molecule in a specific geometric manner. The geometry of the HBr molecule ion can then be predicted using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR Theory) and molecular hybridization theory, which states that molecules will choose the HBr geometrical shape in which the electrons have from one another in the specific molecular structure.
Finally, you must add their bond polarities characteristics to compute the strength of the one H-Br single bonds (dipole moment properties of the HBr molecular geometry). One hydrogen-bromine single bonds in the hydrogen bromide(HBr), for example, are polarised toward the more electronegative value bromine atom, and because (H-Br) single bonds have the same size and polarity, their sum is nonzero due to the HBr molecule’s bond dipole moment due to pulling the electron cloud to the two side of linear or tetrahedral geometry, and the HBr molecule is classified as a polar molecule.
The molecule of hydrogen bromide(with tetrahedral shape HBr molecular geometry) is tilted at 180 degrees bond angle of H-Br. It has a difference in electronegativity values between bromine and hydrogen atoms, with bromine’s pull the electron cloud being greater than hydrogen’s. But bond polarity of H-Br is not canceled to each other in the linear or tetrahedral geometry. As a result, it has a nonzero permanent dipole moment in its molecular structure. The HBr molecule has a nonzero dipole moment due to an unequal charge distribution of negative and positive charges in the linear or tetrahedral geometry.
Overview: HBr electron and molecular geometry
According to the VSEPR theory, the HBr molecule ion possesses linear or tetrahedral molecular geometry. Because the center atom, bromine, has one H-Br single bond with the one hydrogen atom surrounding it. The H-Br bond angle is 180 degrees in the tetrahedral HBr molecular geometry. The HBr molecule has a linear or tetrahedral geometry shape because it contains one hydrogen atom in the tetrahedral and three corner with three lone pairs of electrons.
There is one H-Br single bond at the HBr molecular geometry. After linking the one hydrogen atom and three lone pairs of electrons on the bromine atom in the tetrahedral form, it maintains the tetrahedral-shaped structure. In the HBr molecular geometry, the H-Br single bond has stayed in the one terminal and three lone pairs of electrons on the bromine atom of the tetrahedral molecule.
The center bromine atom of HBr has three lone pairs of electrons, resulting in tetrahedral HBr electron geometry. However, the molecular geometry of HBr looks tetrahedral or linear-shaped and has three lone pairs of electrons on the bromine of the HBr geometry. It’s the HBr molecule’s slight asymmetrical geometry. As a result, the HBr molecule is slightly polar.
How to find HBr hybridization and molecular geometry
Calculating lone pairs of electrons on bromine in the HBr geometry:
1.Determine the number of lone pairs of electrons in the core bromine atom of the HBr Lewis structure. Because the lone pairs of electrons on the bromine atom are mostly responsible for the HBr molecule geometry planar, we need to calculate out how many there are on the central bromine atom of the HBr Lewis structure.
Use the formula below to find the lone pair on the bromine atom of the HBr molecule.
L.P(Br) = V.E(Br) – N.A(H-Br)
Lone pair on the central bromine atom in HBr = L.P(Br)The core central bromine atom’s valence electron in HBr = V.E(Br)
Number of H-Br bond = N.A (H-Br)
calculation for bromine atom lone pair in HBr molecule.
For instance of HBr, the central atom, bromine, has seven electrons in its outermost valence shell, one H-Br single bond connection. This gives a total of one connection.
As a result of this, L.P(Br) = (7 –1)=6
The lone pair of electrons in the bromine atom of the HBr molecule is three.
Calculating lone pair of electrons on hydrogen in the HBr geometry:
Finding lone pair of electrons for the terminal hydrogen atom is similar to the central bromine atom. We use the following formula as given below
Use the formula below to find the lone pair on the hydrogen atom of the HBr molecule.
L.P(H) = V.E(H) – N.A(H-Br)
Lone pair on the terminal hydrogen atom in HBr = L.P(H)Terminal hydrogen atom’s valence electron in HBr= V.E(H)
Number of H-Br bonds = N.A ( H-Br)
calculation for hydrogen atom lone pair in HBr molecule.
For instance of HBr, their terminal atoms, hydrogen, have one electron in its outermost valence shell, one H-Br single bond connection. This gives a total of one H-Br single bond connection. But we are considering only one connection for the calculation.
As a result of this, L.P(H) = (1 –1)=0
The lone pair of electrons in the hydrogen atom of the HBr molecule is zero. One hydrogen atom is connected with the central bromine atom.
In the HBr electron geometry structure, the lone pairs on the central bromine atom are three, lone pairs of electrons in the hydrogen atom have zero. One hydrogen atom has no lone pairs of electrons.
It means there are three lone pairs of electrons in the core bromine atom. Three lone pair of electrons on the central bromine atom is responsible for the linear or tetrahedral nature of HBr molecular geometry. But in the structure hydrogen atom is polarised sidewise in their linear or tetrahedral geometry.
The three lone pairs of electrons are placed at another side of the HBr geometry. Because the hydrogen atom is a lower electronegative value as compared with other atoms in the HBr molecule. One hydrogen atom is polarized towards the sidewise in the HBr structure.
But in reality, the HBr has three lone pairs of electrons in its structure. This makes the HBr more asymmetrical in the structure of the molecule. Because there is electric repulsion between bond pairs and lone pairs.
But some sort of interaction is there between hydrogen empty hole and lone pairs of electrons of bromine of another HBr molecule. Here, hydrogen of one molecule acts as an acceptor and bromine of another molecule as a donor. This is called hydrogen bonding between the two HBr molecules. This is one of the main intermolecular forces in HBr.
But in the central, bromine atom has three lone pairs of electrons and these lone pair electrons are placed in the three corners of the tetrahedral.
Calculate the number of molecular hybridizations of the HBr molecule
What is HBr hybridization? This is a very fundamental question in the field of molecular chemistry. All the molecules are made of atoms. In chemistry, atoms are the fundamental particles. There are four different types of orbitals in chemistry. They are named s, p, d, and f orbitals.
The entire periodic table arrangement is based on these orbital theories. Atoms in the periodic table are classified as follows:
s- block elements
p- block elements
d-block elements
f-block elements
Atoms are classified in the periodic table
HBr molecule is made of one bromine and hydrogen atom. The hydrogen and bromine atoms have s and p orbitals. But hydrogen atom has only s orbital in the ground state. Hydrogen comes as the first element in the periodic table. The bromine atom also belongs to the halogen family group. But it falls as the third element in the periodic table.
When these atoms combine to form the HBr molecule, its atomic orbitals are mixed and form unique molecular orbitals due to hybridization.
How do you find the HBr molecule’s hybridization? We must now determine the molecular hybridization number of HBr.
The formula of HBr molecular hybridization is as follows:
No. Hyb of HBr= N.A(H-Br bond) + L.P(S)
No. Hy of HBr = the number of hybridizations of HBr
Number of H-Br bonds = N.A (H-Br bonds)
Lone pair on the central bromine atom = L.P(Br)
Calculation for hybridization number for HBr molecule
In the HBr molecule, bromine is a core central atom with one hydrogen atom connected to it. It has three lone pairs of electrons on bromine. The number of HBr hybridizations (No. Hyb of HBr) can then be estimated using the formula below.
No. Hyb of HBr= 3+1=4
The HBr molecule ion hybridization is four. The bromine and hydrogen atoms have s and p orbitals. The sp3 hybridization of the HBr molecule is formed when one s orbital and three p orbitals join together to form the HBr molecular orbital.
Molecular Geometry Notation for HBr Molecule :
Determine the form of HBr molecular geometry using VSEPR theory. The AXN technique is commonly used when the VSEPR theory is used to calculate the shape of the HBr molecule.
The AXN notation of HBr molecule is as follows:
The central bromine atom in the HBr molecule is denoted by the letter A.
The bound pairs (one H-Br bonds) of electrons to the core bromine atom are represented by X.
The lone pairs of electrons on the central bromine atom are denoted by the letter N.
Notation for HBr molecular geometry
We know that HBr is the core atom, with one electron pair bound (one H-Br) and three lone pairs of electrons. The general molecular geometry formula for HBr is AX1N3.
According to the VSEPR theory, if the HBr molecule ion has an AX1N3 generic formula, the molecular geometry and electron geometry will both be tetrahedral or linear-shaped forms.
Name of Molecule | Hydrogen bromide |
Chemical molecular formula | HBr |
Molecular geometry of HBr | Tetrahedral or linear |
Electron geometry of HBr | Tetrahedral or linear |
Hybridization of HBr | sp3 |
Bond angle (H-Br) | 180º degree |
Total Valence electron for HBr | 8 |
The formal charge of HBr on bromine | 0 |
Summary:
In this post, we discussed the method to construct HBr molecular geometry, the method to find the lone pairs of electrons in the central HBr atom, HBr hybridization, and HBr molecular notation. Need to remember that, if you follow the above-said method, you can construct the HBr molecular structure very easily.
What is HBr Molecular geometry?
HBr Molecular geometry is an electronic structural representation of molecules.
What is the molecular notation for HBr molecule?
HBr molecular notation is AX1N3.
The polarity of the molecules
The polarity of the molecules are listed as follows
- Polarity of BeCl2
- Polarity of SF4
- Polarity of CH2Cl2
- Polarity of NH3
- Polarity of XeF4
- Polarity of BF3
- Polarity of NH4+
- Polarity of CHCl3
- Polarity of BrF3
- Polarity of BrF5
- Polarity of SO3
- Polarity of SCl2
- Polarity of PCl3
- Polarity of H2S
- Polarity of NO2+
- Polarity of HBr
- Polarity of HCl
- Polarity of CH3F
- Polarity of SO2
- Polarity of CH4
Lewis Structure and Molecular Geometry
Lewis structure and molecular geometry of molecules are listed below
- CH4 Lewis structure and CH4 Molecular geometry
- BeI2 Lewis Structure and BeI2 Molecular geometry
- SF4 Lewis Structure and SF4 Molecular geometry
- CH2I2 Lewis Structure and CH2I2 Molecular geometry
- NH3 Lewis Structure and NH3 Molecular geometry
- XeF4 Lewis Structure and XeF4 Molecular geometry
- BF3 Lewis Structure and BF3 Molecular geometry
- NH4+ Lewis Structure and NH4+ Molecular geometry
- CHCl3 Lewis Structure and CHCl3 Molecular geometry
- BrF3 Lewis Structure and BrF3 Molecular geometry
- BrF5 Lewis Structure and BrF5 Molecular geometry
- SO3 Lewis Structure and SO3 Molecular geometry
- SI2 Lewis structure and SI2 Molecular Geometry
- PCl3 Lewis structure and PCl3 Molecular Geometry
- H2S Lewis structure and H2S Molecular Geometry
- NO2+ Lewis structure and NO2+ Molecular Geometry
- HBr Lewis structure and HBr Molecular Geometry
- CS2 Lewis structure and CS2 Molecular Geometry
- CH3F Lewis structure and CH3F Molecular Geometry
- SO2 Lewis structure and SO2 Molecular Geometry
- HCl Lewis structure and HCl Molecular Geometry
- HF Lewis structure and HF Molecular Geometry
- HI Lewis structure and HI Molecular Geometry
- CO2 Lewis structure and CO2 Molecular Geometry
- SF2 Lewis structure and SF2 Molecular Geometry
- SBr2 Lewis structure and SBr2 Molecular Geometry
- SCl2 Lewis structure and SCl2 Molecular Geometry
- PF3 Lewis structure and PF3 Molecular Geometry
- PBr3 Lewis structure and PBr3 Molecular Geometry
- CH3Cl Lewis structure and CH3Cl Molecular Geometry
- CH3Br Lewis structure and CH3Br Molecular Geometry
- CH3I Lewis structure and CH3I Molecular Geometry
- SCl4 Lewis structure and SCl4Molecular Geometry
- SBr4 Lewis structure and SBr4 Molecular Geometry
- CH2F2 Lewis structure and CH2F2 Molecular Geometry
- CH2Br2 Lewis structure and CH2Br2 Molecular Geometry
- XeCl4 Lewis structure and XeCl4 Molecular Geometry
- BCl3 Lewis structure and BCl3 Molecular Geometry
- BBr3 Lewis structure and BBr3 Molecular Geometry
- CHF3 Lewis structure and CHF3 Molecular Geometry
- CHBr3 Lewis structure and CHBr3 Molecular Geometry
- ClF3 Lewis structure and ClF3 Molecular Geometry
- IF3 Lewis structure and IF3 Molecular Geometry
- ICl3 Lewis structure and ICl3 Molecular Geometry
- IBr3 Lewis structure and IBr3 Molecular Geometry
- ClF5 Lewis structure and ClF5 Molecular Geometry
- IF5 Lewis structure and IF5 Molecular Geometry
- PH3 Lewis structure and PH3 Molecular Geometry
- AsH3 Lewis structure and AsH3 Molecular Geometry
- AsCl3 Lewis structure and AsCl3 Molecular Geometry
- AsF3 Lewis structure and AsF3 Molecular Geometry
- NCl3 Lewis structure and NCl3 Molecular Geometry
- NF3 Lewis structure and NF3 Molecular Geometry
- NBr3 Lewis structure and NBr3 Molecular Geometry
- AlCl3 Lewis structure and AlCl3 Molecular Geometry
- AlF3 Lewis structure and AlF3 Molecular Geometry
- AlBr3 Lewis structure and AlBr3 Molecular Geometry
- CCl4 Lewis structure and CCl4 Molecular Geometry