SBr2 Molecular Geometry - Science Education and Tutorials

Q: What is the molecular notation for SBr2 molecule?

SBr2 molecular notation is AX2N2.

Sulfur dibromide(SBr2) has the composition of one sulfur and two bromine atoms. What is the molecular geometry of sulfur dibromide?. Drawing and predicting the SBr2 molecular geometry is very easy by following the given method. Here in this post, we described step by step to construct SBr2 molecular geometry. Sulfur and bromine come from the 16th and 17th family groups in the periodic table. Sulfur and bromine have six and seven valence electrons respectively.

Table of Contents

Key Points To Consider When drawing The SBr2 Molecular Geometry

A three-step approach for drawing the SBr2 molecular can be used. The first step is to sketch the molecular geometry of the SBr2 molecule, to calculate the lone pairs of the electron in the central sulfur atom; the second step is to calculate the SBr2 hybridization, and the third step is to give perfect notation for the SBr2 molecular geometry.

The SBr2 molecular geometry is a diagram that illustrates the number of valence electrons and bond electron pairs in the SBr2 molecule in a specific geometric manner. The geometry of the SBr2 molecule ion can then be predicted using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR Theory) and molecular hybridization theory, which states that molecules will choose the SBr2 geometrical shape in which the electrons have from one another in the specific molecular structure.

Finally, you must add their bond polarities characteristics to compute the strength of the two S-Br single bonds (dipole moment properties of the SBr2 molecular geometry). Two sulfur-bromine single bonds in the sulfur dibromide(SBr2), for example, are polarised toward the more electronegative value bromine atoms, and because all two (S-Br) single bonds have the same size and polarity, their sum is nonzero due to the SBr2 molecule’s bond dipole moment due to pulling the electron cloud to the two side of tetrahedral geometry, and the SBr2 molecule is classified as a slightly polar molecule.

The molecule of sulfur dibromide(with tetrahedral shape SBr2 molecular geometry) is tilted at 109.5 degrees bond angle of Br-S-Br. It has a difference in electronegativity values between sulfur and bromine atoms, with bromine’s pull the electron cloud being greater than sulfur’s. But bond polarity of S-Br is not canceled to each other in the tetrahedral geometry. As a result, it has a nonzero permanent dipole moment in its molecular structure. The SBr2 molecule has a nonzero dipole moment due to an equal charge distribution of negative and positive charges in the tetrahedral geometry.

Overview: SBr2 electron and molecular geometry

According to the VSEPR theory, the SBr2 molecule ion possesses tetrahedral molecular geometry. Because the center atom, sulfur, has two S-Br single bonds with the two bromine atoms surrounding it. The Br-S-Br bond angle is 109.5 degrees in the tetrahedral SBr2 molecular geometry. The SBr2 molecule has a tetrahedral geometry shape because it contains two bromine atoms in the tetrahedral and two corners with two lone pairs of electrons.

There are two S-Br single bonds at the SBr2 molecular geometry. After linking the two bromine atoms and two lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur atom in the tetrahedral form, it maintains the tetrahedral-shaped structure. In the SBr2 molecular geometry, the S-Br single bonds have stayed in the two terminals and two lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur atom of the tetrahedral molecule.

The center sulfur atom of SBr2 has two lone pairs of electrons, resulting in tetrahedral SBr2 electron geometry. However, the molecular geometry of SBr2 looks tetrahedral or v-shaped and has two lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur of the SBr2 geometry. It’s the SBr2 molecule’s symmetrical geometry. As a result, the SBr2 molecule is polar.

How to find SBr2 hybridization and molecular geometry

Calculating lone pairs of electrons on sulfur in the SBr2 geometry:

1.Determine the number of lone pairs of electrons in the core sulfur atom of the SBr2 Lewis structure. Because the lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur atom are mostly responsible for the SBr2molecule geometry planar, we need to calculate out how many there are on the central sulfur atom of the SBr2 Lewis structure.

Use the formula below to find the lone pair on the sulfur atom of the SBr2 molecule.
L.P(S) = V.E(S) – N.A(S-Br)/2

Lone pair on the central sulfur atom in SBr2 = L.P(S)
The core central sulfur atom’s valence electron in SBr2 = V.E(S)
Number of S-Br bonds = N.A (S-Br)
calculation for sulfur atom lone pair in SBr2 molecule.

For instance of SBr2, the central atom, sulfur, has six electrons in its outermost valence shell, two S-Br single bond connections. This gives a total of two connections.

As a result of this, L.P(S) = (6 –2)/2=2

The lone pair of electrons in the sulfur atom of the SBr2 molecule is two.

Calculating lone pair of electrons on bromine in the SBr2 geometry:

Finding lone pair of electrons for the terminal atom is not similar to the central sulfur atom. We use the following formula as given below

Use the formula below to find the lone pair on the bromine atom of the SBr2 molecule.
L.P(Br) = V.E(Br) – N.A(S-Br)

Lone pair on the terminal bromine atom in SBr2 = L.P(Br)
Terminal bromine atom’s valence electron in SBr2 = V.E(Br)
Number of S-Br bonds = N.A ( S-Br)
calculation for bromine atom lone pair in SBr2 molecule.

For instance of SBr2, their terminal atoms, bromine, have seven electrons in its outermost valence shell, one S-Br single bond connection. This gives a total of two S-Br single bond connections. But we are considering only one connection for the calculation.

As a result of this, L.P(Br) = (7 –1)=6

The lone pair of electrons in the bromine atom of the SBr2 molecule is six. Two bromine atoms are connected with the central sulfur atom.

In the SBr2 electron geometry structure, the lone pairs on the central sulfur atom are two, lone pairs of electrons in the bromine atom have six. Two bromine atoms have 12 lone pairs of electrons.

It means there are two lone pairs of electrons in the core sulfur atom. Two lone pair of electrons on the central sulfur atom is responsible for the tetrahedral nature of SBr2 molecular geometry. But in the structure bromine atoms are polarised sidewise in their tetrahedral geometry.

The two lone pair of electrons are placed at another side of the SBr2 geometry. Because the sulfur atom is a lower electronegative value as compared with other atoms in the SBr2 molecule. Two bromine atoms are polarized towards the sidewise in the SBr2 structure.

But in reality, the SBr2 have two lone pair of electrons in its structure. This makes the SBr2 more asymmetrical in the structure of the molecule. Because there is electric repulsion between bond pairs and lone pairs. But some sort of interaction is there between bromine lone pairs and bond pairs. But it is negligible in the ground state.

But in the central, sulfur atom has two lone pairs of electrons and these lone pair electrons just oppose each other with Sulfur- bromine bond pairs.

Calculate the number of molecular hybridizations of the SBr2 molecule

What is SBr2 hybridization? This is a very fundamental question in the field of molecular chemistry. All the molecules are made of atoms. In chemistry, atoms are the fundamental particles. There are four different types of orbitals in chemistry. They are named s, p, d, and f orbitals.

The entire periodic table arrangement is based on these orbital theories. Atoms in the periodic table are classified as follows:

s- block elements
p- block elements
d-block elements
f-block elements
Atoms are classified in the periodic table

SBr2 molecule is made of one sulfur, two bromine atoms. The bromine and sulfur atoms have s and p orbitals. Bromine comes as the first element from the halogen family in the periodic table. The sulfur atom also belongs to the oxygen family group. But it falls as the first element in the periodic table.

When these atoms combine to form the SBr2 molecule, its atomic orbitals are mixed and form unique molecular orbitals due to hybridization.

How do you find the SBr2 molecule’s hybridization? We must now determine the molecular hybridization number of SBr2.

The formula of SBr2 molecular hybridization is as follows:
No. Hyb of SBr2= N.A(S-Br bonds) + L.P(S)
No. Hy of SBr2 = the number of hybridizations of SBr2
Number of S-Br bonds = N.A (S-Br bonds)
Lone pair on the central sulfur atom = L.P(S)
Calculation for hybridization number for SBr2 molecule

In the SBr2 molecule, sulfur is a core central atom with two bromine atoms connected to it. It has two lone pair of electrons on sulfur. The number of SBr2 hybridizations (No. Hyb of SBr2) can then be estimated using the formula below.

No. Hyb of SBr2= 2+2=4

The SBr2 molecule ion hybridization is four. The sulfur and bromine atoms have s and p orbitals. The sp3 hybridization of the SBr2 molecule is formed when one s orbital and three p orbitals join together to form the SBr2 molecular orbital.

Molecular Geometry Notation for SBr2 Molecule :

Determine the form of SBr2 molecular geometry using VSEPR theory. The AXN technique is commonly used when the VSEPR theory is used to calculate the shape of the SBr2 molecule.

The AXN notation of SBr2 molecule is as follows:
The central sulfur atom in the SBr2 molecule is denoted by the letter A.
The bound pairs (two S-Br bonds) of electrons to the core sulfur atom are represented by X.
The lone pairs of electrons on the central sulfur atom are denoted by the letter N.
Notation for SBr2 molecular geometry

We know that SBr2 is the core atom, with two electron pairs bound (two S-Br) and two lone pairs of electrons. The general molecular geometry formula for SBr2 is AX2N2.

According to the VSEPR theory, if the SBr2 molecule ion has an AX2N2 generic formula, the molecular geometry and electron geometry will both be tetrahedral forms.

Name of Molecule	Sulfur dibromide
Chemical molecular formula	SBr2
Molecular geometry of SBr2	Tetrahedral
Electron geometry of SBr2	Tetrahedral
Hybridization of SBr2	sp3
Bond angle (Br-S-Br)	109.5º degree
Total Valence electron for SBr2	20
The formal charge of SBr2 on sulfur	0

Summary:

In this post, we discussed the method to construct SBr2 molecular geometry, the method to find the lone pairs of electrons in the central sulfur atom, SBr2 hybridization, and SBr2 molecular notation. Need to remember that, if you follow the above-said method, you can construct the SBr2 molecular structure very easily.